3/18
What is the endothelium and what does it do?
"The endothelium is a thin layer of flat epithelial cells that lines the heart, serous cavities, lymph vessels, and blood vessels. Endothelial cells form the barrier between vessels and tissue."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org...
"The endothelium is a thin layer of flat epithelial cells that lines the heart, serous cavities, lymph vessels, and blood vessels. Endothelial cells form the barrier between vessels and tissue."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org...
10:30 PM - Sep 04, 2023
4/18
What is endotheliitis?
"Endotheliitis is an immune response within the endothelium in blood vessels, in which they become inflamed. The condition can cause swelling of the surrounding tissue, and can cause irritation and pain."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org...
"Endotheliitis is an immune response within the endothelium in blood vessels, in which they become inflamed. The condition can cause swelling of the surrounding tissue, and can cause irritation and pain."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org...
10:34 PM - Sep 04, 2023
5/18
Why is endotheliitis bad?
"Endotheliitis as well as direct viral effects on vasculature would bring about endothelial injury and dysfunction, which could contribute to functional derangements of different internal organs in C19."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...
"Endotheliitis as well as direct viral effects on vasculature would bring about endothelial injury and dysfunction, which could contribute to functional derangements of different internal organs in C19."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Vascular endotheliitis associated with infections: Its pathogenetic role and therapeutic implication - PMC
Vascular endothelial cells are major participants in and regulators of immune responses and inflammation. Vascular endotheliitis is regarded as a host immune-inflammatory response of the endothelium forming the inner surface of blood vessels in association ...
10:35 PM - Sep 04, 2023
6/18
How SARS-CoV-2 infects endothelial cells
"Although the virus uses ACE2 receptor expressed by pneumocytes in the epithelial alveolar lining to infect the host, the ACE2 receptor is also widely expressed on endothelial cells."
https://www.thelancet.com/...
"Although the virus uses ACE2 receptor expressed by pneumocytes in the epithelial alveolar lining to infect the host, the ACE2 receptor is also widely expressed on endothelial cells."
https://www.thelancet.com/...
10:40 PM - Sep 04, 2023
8/18
SARS-CoV-2 causes endotheliitis (1)
"COVID-19 not only affects the lung parenchyma through the ACE2 receptors but can also result in generalized endothelial damage and inflammation in the entire body in the sense of so-called endotheliitis."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...
"COVID-19 not only affects the lung parenchyma through the ACE2 receptors but can also result in generalized endothelial damage and inflammation in the entire body in the sense of so-called endotheliitis."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...
10:44 PM - Sep 04, 2023
9/18
SARS-CoV-2 causes endotheliitis (2)
"Impaired endothelial function can be documented in convalescent COVID-19 patients for up to 1 year after infection, especially when residual clinical manifestations persist."
https://www.tandfonline.co...
#medspout #COVID
"Impaired endothelial function can be documented in convalescent COVID-19 patients for up to 1 year after infection, especially when residual clinical manifestations persist."
https://www.tandfonline.co...
#medspout #COVID
10:46 PM - Sep 04, 2023
10/18
SARS-CoV-2 impairs microvascular integrity
"In this cohort of patients with Post-COVID-19 syndrome, symptoms were associated with persistent impaired microvascular integrity, amplified by higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines."
https://link.springer.com/...
"In this cohort of patients with Post-COVID-19 syndrome, symptoms were associated with persistent impaired microvascular integrity, amplified by higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines."
https://link.springer.com/...
link.springer.com
10:48 PM - Sep 04, 2023
11/18 
10:50 PM - Sep 04, 2023
12/18
Endotheliitis versus endotheliopathy
Endotheliitis specifically refers to inflammation of the endothelium, while endotheliopathy is a broader term that encompasses a range of pathological conditions affecting the endothelium's normal functions.
#medspout
#LOngCOVID
Endotheliitis specifically refers to inflammation of the endothelium, while endotheliopathy is a broader term that encompasses a range of pathological conditions affecting the endothelium's normal functions.
#medspout
#LOngCOVID
10:51 PM - Sep 04, 2023
13/18
Endotheliitis leads to endotheliopathy
Hypercoagulability, endotheliopathy, and inflammation extend well beyond acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, where recovered COVID-19 patients may develop long-term thrombotic and cardiovascular complications
https://onlinelibrary.wile...
Hypercoagulability, endotheliopathy, and inflammation extend well beyond acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, where recovered COVID-19 patients may develop long-term thrombotic and cardiovascular complications
https://onlinelibrary.wile...
10:53 PM - Sep 04, 2023
14/18
SARS-CoV-2 harms pulmonary veins and arteries
"Acute COVID-19 infection can result in widespread involvement of the pulmonary vasculature, myocardial injury, evidence of persistent lung disease, and venous thromboembolism."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...
#medspout #COVID
"Acute COVID-19 infection can result in widespread involvement of the pulmonary vasculature, myocardial injury, evidence of persistent lung disease, and venous thromboembolism."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...
#medspout #COVID
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
At a crossroads: COVID-19 recovery and the risk of pulmonary vascular disease - PMC
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to almost 3,000,000 deaths across 139 million people infected worldwide. Involvement of the pulmonary vasculature is considered a major driving force for morbidity and mortality. We set out to summarize ...
10:55 PM - Sep 04, 2023
15/18
SARS-CoV-2 causes small vessel pulmonary blood clots
"Venous thromboembolism and small vessel pulmonary thromboses are both implicated in C19; these pulmonary vascular manifestations are a potential precursor to chronic thromboembolic disease."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...
"Venous thromboembolism and small vessel pulmonary thromboses are both implicated in C19; these pulmonary vascular manifestations are a potential precursor to chronic thromboembolic disease."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Beyond the clot: perfusion imaging of the pulmonary vasculature after COVID-19 - PMC
A compelling body of evidence points to pulmonary thrombosis and thromboembolism as a key feature of COVID-19. As the pandemic spread across the globe over the past few months, a timely call to arms was issued by a team of clinicians to consider the prospect ...
10:56 PM - Sep 04, 2023
16/18
SARS-CoV-2 causes severe pulmonary endothelial injury
"Early autopsy studies reported severe endothelial injury, capillary thrombi, and extensive new vessel growth predominantly occurring through a mechanism of intussusceptive angiogenesis."
#medspout
#COVID
"Early autopsy studies reported severe endothelial injury, capillary thrombi, and extensive new vessel growth predominantly occurring through a mechanism of intussusceptive angiogenesis."
#medspout
#COVID
link.springer.com
10:58 PM - Sep 04, 2023
17/18
SARS-CoV-2 causes thrombotic endotheliitis
"Microclotting, together with relatively high levels of six inflammatory molecules known to be key drivers of endothelial and clotting pathology, points to thrombotic endotheliitis as a key
https://www.medrxiv.org/co...
"Microclotting, together with relatively high levels of six inflammatory molecules known to be key drivers of endothelial and clotting pathology, points to thrombotic endotheliitis as a key
https://www.medrxiv.org/co...
10:59 PM - Sep 04, 2023
18/18
SARS-CoV-2 causes venous/arterial thrombosis
Risks of venous thromboembolism and arterial thromboembolism were up to 1% among COVID-19 cases, and increased with age, among males, and in those who were hospitalized.
https://www.thelancet.com/...
Risks of venous thromboembolism and arterial thromboembolism were up to 1% among COVID-19 cases, and increased with age, among males, and in those who were hospitalized.
https://www.thelancet.com/...
11:00 PM - Sep 04, 2023
In response to MEAction NOW.
Yes, but … were these children not free from the tyranny of mask wearing? What’s a little blood vessel damage compared to the horror of having to maintain social distance?
10:41 PM - Sep 04, 2023
